Pangdahai
【Synonym】 Annan son, big hole in the fruit ( "theft by finding topics"), HU, Daihatsu (ZHANG Shou-yi), pass the sea ( "Veterinary Medicine and the prescription"), sub-sea ( "Chinese-chi").
【Source】 for Sterculiaceae Pangdahai seed plants.
Pangdahai plant deciduous tree form, 30 to 40 meters high.
Bark slightly rough with the stripes.
Leaves alternate; petiole 5 to 15 centimeters long; blade coriaceous, ovate or lanceolate oval-shaped, 10 to 20 centimeters long, 6 to 14 centimeters wide, blunt or sharp pointed tip, base round or nearly closed shape, the entire edge, smooth hairless.
Miscellaneous flowers of the same strain, into the top of the cone, or inflorescence; calyx bell-shaped, keeping places, lobes lanceolate; petals were done stellate; male flower with stamens 10 to 15, rarely to 30, Anther and Filament are a sparse pubescens, sterile carpel was short villi; female flower with pistil 1, ovary for five of the villi were short carpel composition, with a slender delicate stalk of the ovary, stigma 2 ~ 5 crack, degradation of a stamen Cluster non-stem anther.
Follicle follicle fruit 1 to 5, was born in the, 18 to 24 centimeters long, the base width of 5 ~ 6 cm, was boat-shaped, in the mature dehiscence; initially sparse pubescens: spin off.
Spindle or oval seeds down a long 18 ~ 25 mm, diameter 12 mm, dark blackish-brown, surface with wrinkles; cotyledons large, long 12 mm, 10 mm wide, semi-circular, rich endosperm.
Born in the tropics.
Distribution in Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra and other places in Indonesia.
【Collection】 4 ~ 6 months, from cracking to take the fruits of the seeds mature, dry.
Dry ingredients】 【oval-shaped seeds, like olives, blunt tip round, slightly pointed at the base, 2 to 3 centimeters long, l ~ 1.5 cm in diameter.
Surface brown to dark brown, micro-shiny, with dense irregular wrinkles, the circular base of a light-colored species of umbilical.
Outer cortex of osteoporosis light, easy-off, swollen with water into a sponge-like block.
Seed coat with red-brown to brown-black, a yellow-white tip of a round spot.
Stripped inside the seed coat, the endosperm hypertrophy, into two, dark brown or gray brown.
Cotyledons 2, close to the endosperm, while low.
Gas-free, long-sticky chewing.
To a large, brown, fine surface wrinkles, better do not break.
The main production in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and other places.
【Chemical Composition】 seed coating with adhesive West astragaloside Su, peel containing 15.06% galactose, pentose (mainly arabinose) 24.7%.
① pharmacological effects of the role of diarrhea Pangdahai seed extract on the rabbit have a laxative effect, due to increased intestinal volume (volume increase of 8 times for the agar), there is a result of mechanical stimulation laxative.
Will Pangdahai outer skin, soft-shell, benevolent flooding were extracted, for narcotic dogs, regardless of delivery method, may be a marked increase in peristalsis (the role of Ren strongest, followed by soft-shell, the outer weakest) This role may be the antagonist atropine; 1:40 million Hui lixivium of isolated rabbit bowel movements so that increase in the role of the other two was not significant.
② ren Pangdahai hypotensive effect (fat-free dry) made from 25% solution, intravenously, intramuscularly or orally, can make dogs, cats blood pressure decreased significantly.
Further experiments showed that their blood pressure may be related to the central principle of the.
Hui Pangdahai flooding on the hypotensive effect of anesthesia in dogs, and rabbits have to step-up (rabbit dogs effective than 10 times); of dogs, different effects on rabbit blood pressure; can be sensitized by histamine.
③ the role of Pangdahai other skin, soft-shell, Ren extract flooding must have diuretic and analgesic effects, the most powerful-jen; three stimulus came from non-local.
Pangdahai Hui (dry fat-free) for acute poisoning tests, difficulty in breathing can be seen in rabbits, ataxia; dogs for 10 to 15 days after a large number of deaths, lung congestion and edema can be seen, liver lipid changes; oral lethal dose in mice for the half of 12.96 g / kg.
Intravenous injection of a large number of rabbits (1% 2 ml) Pangdahai Hui flooding agent, can be seen to stop breathing, heart still jumped, gastrointestinal surface is red.
Sterculia pruriens plants are due to the toxicity caused by hydrocyanic acid.
】 【Cooked to remove impurities, can be screened to sediment.
Can not be washed.
【】 Gan light taste, cool.
① "theft by finding topics": Gan light.
ZHANG Shou-yi ②: unleavened micro-Gan, warm in nature.
③ "medicine information on the compilation": Gan bunch of cool.
【Function of charge - the effectiveness of Pangdahai】 Qingre, Moistening Lung, LiYan, detoxification.
Governance dry cough without sputum, sore throat, hoarse sound,heat, bleed at the nose of spit blood,目赤, toothache, hemorrhoids drain pipe.
"Theft by finding topics": fire closed pox governance and rule of all fever labor under the wound bleed at the nose spit blood, and disinfection, when the red line eyes, toothache, Wind & Fire, insects accumulated food, hemorrhoids drain pipe, dry cough without sputum, bone Steam heat, fire Sanjiao disease.
【Usage and Dosage】 Oral: 1.5 ~ 3 money; or tea.
① election administration side aphonia dry cough, dry throat pain, sore gums, due to exogenous From: Pangdahai 5, a money licorice.
Stewed tea service, young and old will be adding a little rock sugar.
( "Shen Tong Tak side") ② governance stool bleeding: Pangdahai several open blisters made to nuclear, plus rock candy served wither.
Hematochezia due to thermal, effect.
( "Spring and the medical community" (1): 93,1936)
【Application】 clinical treatment of acute tonsillitis take 4 ~ 8 Pangdahai into bowl, into the boiling water, cover half hour or so boring (cold weather should be warm), served slowly; 4-hour interval, such as law and then the bubble 1 serving.
Treatment of 100 cases, 68 cases cured, 21 cases significantly improved, 14 cases of poor results.
Some 2 to 3 days after OK.
ZHANG Shou-yi famous exposition: Daihatsu so say the drug: its zero boiling water, that is, swollen exocortis several surplus it is also a cup.
Neighbor used, always rule the common cold cough, nasal sound of heavy ...
Warm in nature, it could loose the cold wind, but very much to talk about their taste, micro-containing Gan Yi Wen Sanzhi medicine, not so.
... ... At Xuanfei open air, and can pass China's fur, outside the closed, do not ask for the cold to hot, and Lord of all.
Able to suppress the sound governance of the dark, cool cough.
Zhao Zhi-fire that closed the pox, obstruct Reduqing covered inmuscle, and the unpleasant pox, and the development of the Czech Republic this matter should have available, I am afraid Xuan said, when there are symptoms also.
Light with two or three, such as the lung is quite close, did not cough, or the hiss snapped at the sound, and can be used to five or six.
The fruits of the plant cover, and seedling leaves of different circumstances, it is very true sweating and no disturbance of the temperature rise of the disadvantages, in particular, can be.
Apr 17, 2009
Apr 15, 2009
Chinese Herbal life
In China, people can see a day of Chinese herbal medicine. To eat vegetables every day, there are many Chinese herbal medicine is. Such as garlic, ginger, pepper and so on.
Ancient times, Chinese people sick, we should see a doctor. First find out where the medical doctor, prescription,Grasping Medicine ,ao Medicine. Each step is very important. Have deep knowledge of Chinese medicine.
Ancient times, Chinese people sick, we should see a doctor. First find out where the medical doctor, prescription,Grasping Medicine ,ao Medicine. Each step is very important. Have deep knowledge of Chinese medicine.
What is herbal medicine good for?
Herbal medicine treats many conditions, such as asthma, eczema, premenstrual syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, menopausal symptoms, chronic fatigue, and irritable bowel syndrome, among others. Herbal supplements are best taken under the guidance of a trained health care provider. Be sure to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before self-treating. Some common herbs and their uses are discussed below.
* Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), particularly a standardized extract known as EGb 761, appears to produce improvements in awareness, judgment, and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Randomized controlled studies assessing the use of ginkgo supplements for Alzheimer's disease in individuals older than 65 years have produced positive results.
* Kava kava (Piper methysticum) has become popular as a treatment for anxiety, but recent reports have traced liver damage to enough people who have used kava that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning regarding its use, while other countries, such as Germany, France, and Canada, have taken kava off of the market. However, there is no definitive proof that kava alone is responsible for liver damage in humans. Kava has been used traditionally for thousands of years.
* Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is used by over 2 million men in the United States for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The evidence suggests that saw palmetto provides mild-to-moderate improvement in urinary symptoms and flow measures. Saw palmetto produces similar improvement in urinary symptoms and flow compared to finasteride (Proscar), a pharmaceutical drug used in BPH, and is associated with fewer adverse treatment events.
* St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is well known for its antidepressant effects. The clinical efficacy of some standardized St. John's wort standardized extracts in the treatment of mild and moderate depression has been demonstrated in about 40 controlled clinical trials.
* Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) has had a long tradition as a sleep-inducing agent, with the added benefit of producing no hangover feeling the next day.
* Echinacea preparations (from Echinacea purpurea and other Echinacea species) may improve the body's natural immunity. Echinacea is one of the most commonly used herbal products, but controversy exists about its benefit in the prevention and treatment of the common cold. A meta-analysis of 14 clinical studies evaluating the effect of echinacea on the incidence and duration of the common cold found that echinacea supplements decreased the odds of developing the common cold by 58% and the duration of a cold by 1.4 days.
Standardized herbal supplements are the best way to ensure proper dosages and effects similar to human clinical trials. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about which herbal supplements are the best choice for your health concerns.
* Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), particularly a standardized extract known as EGb 761, appears to produce improvements in awareness, judgment, and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Randomized controlled studies assessing the use of ginkgo supplements for Alzheimer's disease in individuals older than 65 years have produced positive results.
* Kava kava (Piper methysticum) has become popular as a treatment for anxiety, but recent reports have traced liver damage to enough people who have used kava that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning regarding its use, while other countries, such as Germany, France, and Canada, have taken kava off of the market. However, there is no definitive proof that kava alone is responsible for liver damage in humans. Kava has been used traditionally for thousands of years.
* Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is used by over 2 million men in the United States for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The evidence suggests that saw palmetto provides mild-to-moderate improvement in urinary symptoms and flow measures. Saw palmetto produces similar improvement in urinary symptoms and flow compared to finasteride (Proscar), a pharmaceutical drug used in BPH, and is associated with fewer adverse treatment events.
* St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is well known for its antidepressant effects. The clinical efficacy of some standardized St. John's wort standardized extracts in the treatment of mild and moderate depression has been demonstrated in about 40 controlled clinical trials.
* Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) has had a long tradition as a sleep-inducing agent, with the added benefit of producing no hangover feeling the next day.
* Echinacea preparations (from Echinacea purpurea and other Echinacea species) may improve the body's natural immunity. Echinacea is one of the most commonly used herbal products, but controversy exists about its benefit in the prevention and treatment of the common cold. A meta-analysis of 14 clinical studies evaluating the effect of echinacea on the incidence and duration of the common cold found that echinacea supplements decreased the odds of developing the common cold by 58% and the duration of a cold by 1.4 days.
Standardized herbal supplements are the best way to ensure proper dosages and effects similar to human clinical trials. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about which herbal supplements are the best choice for your health concerns.
What is herbal medicine?
Herbal medicine, also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine, refers to the use of a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Long practiced outside of conventional medicine, herbalism is becoming more mainstream as improvements in analysis and quality control along with advances in clinical research show their value in the treatment and prevention of disease.
What is the history of herbal medicine?
Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. For example, ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal plant uses. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used systematically. Scientists found that people in different parts of the globe tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes.
In the early 19th century, when methods of chemical analysis first became available, scientists began extracting and modifying the active ingredients from plants. In the U.S. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds, beginning the transition from raw herbs to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of pharmaceuticals.
Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care. In the last 20 years in the United States, increasing public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in the use of herbal medicines. In Germany, roughly 600 - 700 plant-based medicines are available and are prescribed by approximately 70% of German physicians.
How do herbs work?
For most herbs, the specific ingredient that causes a therapeutic effect is not known. Whole herbs contain many ingredients, and it is likely that they work together to produce the desired medicinal effect. Many factors determine how effective an herb will be. For example, the type of environment (climate, bugs, soil quality) in which a plant grew will affect its components, as will how and when it was harvested and processed.
How are herbs used?
The use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Herbal supplements are classified as dietary supplements by the U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. The FDA defines a dietary supplement as "...any product taken by mouth that contains a so-called 'dietary ingredient' and its label clearly states that it is a dietary supplement." Per the provisions of DSHEA, herbal supplements -- unlike pharmaceutical drugs -- can be marketed without undergoing testing to prove their safety and efficacy. However, herbal supplements must be manufactured according to good manufacturing practices.
The most commonly used herbal supplements in the U.S. include echinacea (Echinacea purpurea and related species), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), garlic (Allium sativum), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), ginseng (Panax ginseng, or Asian ginseng; and Panax quinquefolius, or American ginseng), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), kava (Piper methysticum), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), ginger (Zingiber officinale), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), and milk thistle (Silybum marianum ).
Several herbs are often used together to enhance effectiveness and synergistic actions and to reduce toxicity. Health care providers must take many things into account when recommending herbs. For example, the species and variety of the plant, the plant's habitat, how it was stored and processed, and whether or not there are contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides).
What is the history of herbal medicine?
Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. For example, ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal plant uses. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used systematically. Scientists found that people in different parts of the globe tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes.
In the early 19th century, when methods of chemical analysis first became available, scientists began extracting and modifying the active ingredients from plants. In the U.S. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds, beginning the transition from raw herbs to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of pharmaceuticals.
Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care. In the last 20 years in the United States, increasing public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in the use of herbal medicines. In Germany, roughly 600 - 700 plant-based medicines are available and are prescribed by approximately 70% of German physicians.
How do herbs work?
For most herbs, the specific ingredient that causes a therapeutic effect is not known. Whole herbs contain many ingredients, and it is likely that they work together to produce the desired medicinal effect. Many factors determine how effective an herb will be. For example, the type of environment (climate, bugs, soil quality) in which a plant grew will affect its components, as will how and when it was harvested and processed.
How are herbs used?
The use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Herbal supplements are classified as dietary supplements by the U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. The FDA defines a dietary supplement as "...any product taken by mouth that contains a so-called 'dietary ingredient' and its label clearly states that it is a dietary supplement." Per the provisions of DSHEA, herbal supplements -- unlike pharmaceutical drugs -- can be marketed without undergoing testing to prove their safety and efficacy. However, herbal supplements must be manufactured according to good manufacturing practices.
The most commonly used herbal supplements in the U.S. include echinacea (Echinacea purpurea and related species), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), garlic (Allium sativum), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), ginseng (Panax ginseng, or Asian ginseng; and Panax quinquefolius, or American ginseng), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), kava (Piper methysticum), chamomile (Matricaria recutita), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), ginger (Zingiber officinale), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), and milk thistle (Silybum marianum ).
Several herbs are often used together to enhance effectiveness and synergistic actions and to reduce toxicity. Health care providers must take many things into account when recommending herbs. For example, the species and variety of the plant, the plant's habitat, how it was stored and processed, and whether or not there are contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides).
Sharing Traditional Chinese Medicine With the World
In November, Beijing will host an international meeting on the development of traditional medicines, initiated by the World Health Organization. Minister of Science Wan Gang has proposed the creation of a global alliance focusing on R&D for traditional Chinese medicines.
Additionally, a dozen projects financed by the central government have started. These include the establishment of incubators to modernize TCM, the development of new herbal medicines and research into the use of TCM for infectious diseases.
About 202 herbal plants have established sound agricultural practices and standard operating procedures, according to the Ministry of Science.
Although there are no tax breaks tailor-made for the drug industry, herbal medicine makers could get preferential rates on corporate income tax if they are officially classified as "high-tech" and innovative."
Analyst Li Jinsong of Industrial Securities said that renowned local brands such as Tongrentang, Qianjin Pharmacy and Kanon Pharmaceutical, with cutting-edge herbal medicine R&D, would have more to gain from the upcoming policies to "support" the TCM industry promised by Premier Wen Jiabao in the March government work report.
At a forum themed "Sharing Traditional Chinese Medicine With the World" held in Tianjin last month, deputy chief Fang Shuting of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicines said that emerging external demand and domestic modernization would give TCM "powerful stamina and broad prospects."
Hurdles ahead; optimism too
Many TCM enterprises see rosy prospects, but the cold hard facts demand some dispassionate analysis. With nearly 1,500 manufacturers, the entire TCM industry's production was only 150 billion yuan last year. Western medicine production was nearly three times as much. And of the 1 billion U.S. dollars in exports, the lion's share was composed of simple herbal plants and extracts, with TCM accounting for only a small proportion.
Two gigantic hurdles are the mysterious workings of herbal medicines and lack of support from overseas governments, according to Zhang.
Modernization vanguard Yan is a strong believer in having technology replace, at least partly, the human component in the four traditional diagnostic methods: observing, hearing and smelling, asking questions and touching.
For example, there's the process of taking the pulse, part of the touching component of TCM exams. Yan said Tasly researchers are exploring the possibility of using instruments to classify the pulse beat based upon the stress received by blood vessels.
"It's too early to talk about an industry, but we are moving ahead," Yan said.
Zhang and Yan agreed that the best solution was not to seek ways to substitute Western medicines and TCM for each other but to fuse them appropriately. In China, even herbalists have learned to make diagnoses from X-rays.
Ama Busia, a member of the Council of State of the Republic of Ghana and also a user of Tasly's products, said that TCM had already become a part of his government's strategy to explore all the possibilities for creating a healthier population. TCM not only helped relieve symptoms and cure diseases, she said; it also restored imbalances and returned harmony to bodily systems and promoted wellness.
"Medical insurance is an awful headache for many countries," said Yan. "Using aggressive, pharmaceutical-based therapy and radiotherapy to treat diseases will impose a heavy fiscal burden. Traditional Chinese medicine, by contrast, can maintain health and cope with the changing spectrum of disease more effectively."
Additionally, a dozen projects financed by the central government have started. These include the establishment of incubators to modernize TCM, the development of new herbal medicines and research into the use of TCM for infectious diseases.
About 202 herbal plants have established sound agricultural practices and standard operating procedures, according to the Ministry of Science.
Although there are no tax breaks tailor-made for the drug industry, herbal medicine makers could get preferential rates on corporate income tax if they are officially classified as "high-tech" and innovative."
Analyst Li Jinsong of Industrial Securities said that renowned local brands such as Tongrentang, Qianjin Pharmacy and Kanon Pharmaceutical, with cutting-edge herbal medicine R&D, would have more to gain from the upcoming policies to "support" the TCM industry promised by Premier Wen Jiabao in the March government work report.
At a forum themed "Sharing Traditional Chinese Medicine With the World" held in Tianjin last month, deputy chief Fang Shuting of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicines said that emerging external demand and domestic modernization would give TCM "powerful stamina and broad prospects."
Hurdles ahead; optimism too
Many TCM enterprises see rosy prospects, but the cold hard facts demand some dispassionate analysis. With nearly 1,500 manufacturers, the entire TCM industry's production was only 150 billion yuan last year. Western medicine production was nearly three times as much. And of the 1 billion U.S. dollars in exports, the lion's share was composed of simple herbal plants and extracts, with TCM accounting for only a small proportion.
Two gigantic hurdles are the mysterious workings of herbal medicines and lack of support from overseas governments, according to Zhang.
Modernization vanguard Yan is a strong believer in having technology replace, at least partly, the human component in the four traditional diagnostic methods: observing, hearing and smelling, asking questions and touching.
For example, there's the process of taking the pulse, part of the touching component of TCM exams. Yan said Tasly researchers are exploring the possibility of using instruments to classify the pulse beat based upon the stress received by blood vessels.
"It's too early to talk about an industry, but we are moving ahead," Yan said.
Zhang and Yan agreed that the best solution was not to seek ways to substitute Western medicines and TCM for each other but to fuse them appropriately. In China, even herbalists have learned to make diagnoses from X-rays.
Ama Busia, a member of the Council of State of the Republic of Ghana and also a user of Tasly's products, said that TCM had already become a part of his government's strategy to explore all the possibilities for creating a healthier population. TCM not only helped relieve symptoms and cure diseases, she said; it also restored imbalances and returned harmony to bodily systems and promoted wellness.
"Medical insurance is an awful headache for many countries," said Yan. "Using aggressive, pharmaceutical-based therapy and radiotherapy to treat diseases will impose a heavy fiscal burden. Traditional Chinese medicine, by contrast, can maintain health and cope with the changing spectrum of disease more effectively."
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